OLPC Is Not Revolutionalizing Education
Wayan Vota started an Educational Technology Debate on what the OLPC has achieved thus far with the assertion that the OLPC is “changing education, technology, even culture in ways beyond any one person’s understanding.”
Going by some of the comments that follow one could be excused for thinking that the OLPC is the best thing to happen to the world since sliced bread for the XO laptop will magically transform students into self-learners (“peers working collaboratively in teams”). A more balanced followup by Scott Kipp still proposes that thanks to the OLPC, “evaluations, discussions and policy assessments about whether or not to have computers in the classroom will very soon be entirely obsolete, if not already.”
Such overwhelming enthusiasm is surely out of place and perhaps a bit of perspective is important.
OLPC is not “revolutionalizing” education
For one lets be realistic that the OLPC is not “revolutionalizing” education. Yes, OLPC will soon have 1 million XO laptops in circulation. But compare that with 121 million children not in school, 668 million children that started primary school in 2007, or the 774 million illiterate adults and the OLPC does not seem that revolutionary. No doubt, computers will be important in the future to deliver education, but a lot of schools still struggle with having a blackboard or even a building. So lets not overstate either the scale or the impact of the OLPC.
OLPC did not spawn the netbook
Second, it is a stretch to say, as Wayan does, that the XO spawned the netbook. What the XO did do was spawn the Classmate PC. But the next step is a bit of a stretch.
And even if the XO did spawn the netbook, the lesson from this is two-fold.
First, that non-profit initiatives such as the OLPC are particularly well-suited to creating new innovations, particularly for under-served populations.
Conversely, and this is the second lesson, the dissemination of commercially viable innovations is best left to the private sector. The XO laptop still costs upward of the original USD 100 target price.
Meanwhile, the Amazon Kindle costs USD 259
OLPC depreciates teachers
A third lesson, to paraphrase Scott, is that teachers are part of the solution – not the problem. This is not wording that OLPC proponents would like because constructionism sees teachers as a corrupting influence. Too much of the broader debate around the quality of education in developing countries also lays blame on teachers – without exploring the context in which they operate.
Yet, is there an OLPC project that has substituted teachers with laptops? So, the third lesson is that if you want to achieve education for all, spend more on teachers and on computers. And if you must choose between the two, spend on the former.
OLPC distorts funding choices
Finally, it has also taught us that policymakers don’t always make the most judicious use of taxpayer money. The approximately USD 150 million spent on XO laptops, for instance, is the same annual amount needed to achieve 100% literacy in Brazil.
Yes, the OLPC has certain other benefits, such as evaluating the impact, benefits and drawbacks of computers in the classroom. But at a potential price-tag of USD 66.8 billion for all the world’s primary school children, it would be a very expensive experiment indeed.
Written by Dweep Chanana on December 9, 2009 in One Laptop Per Child Impact.
Tagged: Amazon Kindle Brazil Dweep Chanana Evaluations literacy OLPC Revolution Primary School School Children | Trackbacks
[...] This article has been cross-posted from the Educational Technology Debate. [...]
Too which I will add that the OLPC project occurred with a complete disregard for the literally decades of work on computer-aided education that preceded the OLPC project. But that makes it no different from most computers-in-education projects which, after the initial hype dies down. look like nothing so much as an opportunity to spend substantial amounts of money rather then to educate children.
The OLPC is responsible for “changing education, technology, even culture in ways beyond any one person’s understanding"? I'd say the change has also been beyond anyone's perception.
I think I mentioned that I am a Telco engineer, not an educationalist. In a previous life, I have studied the impact of ICTs in industry.
Typically, the introduction of ICTs is justified by (and results in) a productivity improvement of some 5-20%
As the technology becomes more pervasive, we see industry re-engineering processes, resulting in productivity improvement of 100-200%. This usually takes 5 years. This is the rate of appropriation of ICTs in industry, driven by a strong profit motive
We are still in the early stages of ICTs in education, so it is totally premature to say that OLPC is not revolutionizing education. Will it help? Most definitely, if for no other reason that it introduced the possibility of 1:1 computing, especially in resource poor countries. Computer labs in schools can not offer the full potential of ICTs to Education.
I have been thinking about what I have learned after 3 years of working with OLPC. One thing is clear. We all have unrealistic expectations. I only hope we can keep the enthusiasm and commitment when we see that we must achieve small steps first
Dweep,
As you might expect, I completely disagree with your dismissal of OLPC as the basis for netbooks. There is a clear history of netbook development that starts with XO, goes by Classmate, and directly to Asus, which undeniably started the commercial netbook market based of the success of G1G1 2007.
Wayan,
Regarding the suggestion that the OLPC directly spawned the network, as one comment on slashdot pointed out, I'm not saying it isn't true, but it's kind of a broad and evangelistic claim and requires a little more research." I've only seen opinions on this issue – no facts. But it is telling that the Asus Eee PC 701 (the first netbook) was launched in 2007, before the G1G1 campaign.
It is entirely possible that the OLPC influenced early netbooks, just as it is in turn being influenced by them. But I suspect the netbook would have come about anyway. There is a much longer documented history of incremental improvements in performance, portability, and price in the computing domain. Indeed, in 2003, well before the OLPC was announced, the Thai government had already reduced price points for laptops and desktops to USD 400 and USD 250 – revolutionary at the time.
Right from the article you quote we get a hint that OLPC was the cause for netbooks – we have Intel folks selling the netbook idea to Asus:
eanwhile, Intel's more profit-minded operatives were hanging out in Taiwan, spinning the baby laptop idea to one of Quanta's arch competitors, a little known company called Asus.
On June 8, 2007, while both the XO and the Classmate were still deep in pilot testing, Asus introduced the Eee PC, a $400 mini-notebook running a warm-n-fuzzy flavor of Linux. Not only did it resemble the Classmate more than a little, it was unveiled at a press conference hosted by none other than Intel.
So if we can agree that XO begat the Classmate, and the Classmate begat the Asus, then OLPC was the root start of the commercial netbook market in 2007. Agreed – netbooks would've come along anyway, but from the conversations I've had with industry types, it would've been 2010 or later, not mid-2007.
[...] on the theme of the last post, here is another lesson from the OLPC XO-1. Don’t believe anything that Nicholas Negroponte [...]
I have one problem with your argument, which is consistent with what I have seen for at least two decades of technology tools and/in education — that any one is supposed to be a silver bullet, which, if employed, would change education as we know it.
I am a middle school teacher and doctoral student investigating the impact of the XOs and Sugar on a group of five 5th-grade classrooms. The biggest impact we have seen so far is that the students are developing more autonomy and ownership for the learning environment itself.
Is this solely dependent upon the XOs and Sugar? These technology devices and their software have made this type of change to the classroom learning environment possible in an incredibly effective way.
Is this a revolution? Not yet. Does it have a possibility for some real change? I think so.
Many thanks for the informative post
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"That is worthwhile, but does that justify the high bill particularly as it detracts attention from the more pressing problem of teacher quality and infrastructure?"
The problem of "teacher quality and infrastructure" has been known since WWII. Basically, half a century of discussions and plans have brought us to the point that we have to concede that there is no practical solution for it. There simply is no viable approach or policy that can solve this. If you come up with a policy that has not already failed in several places, you can win the Nobel Peace Price.
Simply put, before the OLPC plan came up, the field was dead. People had given up on the idea that education in the developing world could be improved before the economy would take off. And the economy could not take off without an educated work force. Catch 22.
I agree with Ian Thomson that the deployment of ICT in schools can break that deadlock by allowing to improve education using the existing teachers. Because, these are the teachers we have. We will not get more and better qualified teachers from anywhere in the near, or any other, future. That has been tried for ages without much success.
I am mostly concern with the lack of quality education, I see most people focusing on the bottom of the bottom. But the tool wont save education, the tool will improve education in magnify of quality of information.
The points regarding the lack of children attending schools is a very cheap shot to a program that has the goal of yes making the traditional education model obsolete starting with teachers. But the biggest impact will come from the schools that are in big cities where conectivity is more prevalent and kids already have access to many services from the city that rural kids don't.
OLPC will elevate the level of interest on topics that before were way more boring and also investigate much more factual data. It wont save nutritionary issues, nor will they take them out of the third world, or assure them a job, or cure cancer (at least this year). But I think that blaming OLPC for kids with lack of access to schools is a bit of a stretch.
Most of the OLPC denialist most of the time don't focus on the actual immediate impact which is the quality of the information, the amount of information, the currentness of it and the level of interest of it.